Two
fundamental assumptions underpin How Theater Failed America. First is that it should be somewhat easier for theatre
artists to make a living from their art, second (and related) is that more
theatre artists should be making their living from their art. I agree with both
of these assumptions to such an extent that I didn’t even see them as
assumptions. What I’ve realized in
pouring over the theatrosphere’s discussion w/r/t HTFA lately, however, is that there is
some disagreement as to whether or not the goal “more theatre artists making a
living” is worth pursuing, especially given all the other problems facing
theatre (and theaters!) today. I
believe wholeheartedly that part and parcel of improving theatre in America is
making it a better living for artists involved in it.
Before I
start enumerating why it would be good for the art form, not just the artists
working in it, let me just pause for a moment and talk a little psychology and
culture. When I went to see a career counselor a few years ago and she asked me
what my (practical, not artistic) career goal in theatre was, I said “to make a
living doing it”. Let’s pause for
a moment at that. There are few
other professions or callings I can think of where a career goal would be to make your living doing
it. Most places, your starting
point is making a
living doing it. But things are
desperate enough that an (At that time aspiring artist of 24) can say “things’d
be going great if I could make a living doing this”. It’s always been hard for artists to make a living, and I
think an end result of that difficulty is that we’ve internalized our state of
affairs in a kind of Panglossian way—since this is the only system of theatre
making, it must be the best of all possible systems of theatre making.
This leads
in a number of different directions, none of which are helpful. The first is an antipathy towards the
business side of making the art and especially towards those who are good at
the business end, and those (aka development folk) who make it their business
to be good at the business end so that art can be made. (For more on this, check out Mark Armstrong's excellent post on the topic of AD salaries). Next is the glamorization of the
difficulty of making a life in the theatre. Third is the dismissing of protestations
about the living and working conditions of theatre artists as whiners looking
for handouts. Finally, and this is
the justification under which most of the nonprofit world functions w/r/t its
employees on all levels, is the idea that if you love doing something, it’s
okay not to adequately compensate you for doing it. I have myself so internalized most of these that I actually
found writing this post extremely difficult, and find myself nervous hitting
the “publish” button. So let me
say this right now, in case it is not clear: I do not believe that someone
should be paid a living wage simply by declaring themselves an artist. I do think, however, that a system by
which it were easier and more possible for theatre artists to make a living doing their art would
be better for the art form. Not necessarily easy, just easier.
Let’s start
with the economics perspective. Making it more possible to make a living in the
theatre will incentivize entering and remaining in the art form. Some view this as a bad thing, and
generally when I ask people why they view it as a bad thing, the answer I get
is that the incentive will only work on mediocre artists, but this assumption is not borne
out by my experience. I know many extremely gifted theatre artists who have
moved to LA and make their living off of commercials and bit roles and day
player work rather than practicing their art on stage. Other countries have
created entire theatre scenes simply by making it possible to make a good
living in the theatre. Especially for those interested in a Regional Movement
Revival (including me), this kind of incentivization is key. NYC might not need more people staying in and choosing theatre as a life path, but certainly other places do.
Second (and
interrelated) is an economic cultural perspective: we value what we’re willing
to pay for. This works two ways,
the first is respecting the artists we are hiring; the second is destigmatizing
theatre as a life choice which is part and parcel with getting theatre back on
the cultural radar as something worth paying attention to. It’s all interrelated. Theatre is
always to some extent going to be a home for the outsider, and I think this is
a good thing, but it shouldn’t be considered so simply because you’d be insane
to try to do it.
I also
believe that better work results from a system in which more people are making
a living from their art. I witness this every time I hold auditions or go into
a rehearsal room. Many people who
want to work in theatre and also not starve find one of several different
options for subsidizing employment. They either (a) work a full-time day job
that they do not care about, (b) work a full-time job that they do care about,
(c) work a part-time or sporatic job (like temping) that they do not care about
or (d) work a part-time or sporatic job that they do care about. I know very few people who belong in
category b, who are capable of having two simultaneous work passions that take
up fourteen hours of their day. I
know a lot of people in Category A, and it is largely those people that I’m
talking about here.
I am
lucky. Anne and I have worked out
our finances so that I don’t have to do much in the way of daytime employment while
I’m rehearsing. We did this
because during periods when I tried to do both, I was exhausted and my work
suffered; my choices were less thoughtful, my patience was thin at all times
(and you must be patient to be a director), and I developed some sloppy work
habits. Most actors, designers and fellow directors I talk to mention similar
things from having to balance full time day work and a busy rehearsal schedule.
I have also
worked with actors who are lucky enough to either have part-time work or make a
living from their art, and the difference is recognizable. There’s a big difference to being able
to sit at home and memorize your lines and frantically trying to learn them on
the subway. There’s a big
difference to going into an audition rested and relaxed and going into it on
your lunch break. And there’s a
difference in being able to rehearse something for six hours a day and being
able to rehearse something for three.
Making a
living in the theatre as an artist is also hard enough right now that it forces
people to adopt some not great working habits. Let’s take directors for a
moment. I was once having coffee
with a pretty big up and coming director (Yale grad, directed off Broadway and
in midsized LORT theaters). He
told me his rate when he did a regional show was around $5,000. This means he would have to direct
seven shows a year just to make $35,000. Doing a show right generally takes
time, time to develop ideas, time to meet with people, time to do research,
time to rehearse. Directing seven shows a year all over the country doesn’t
really allow the time to do that. Designers frequently work on multiple shows
in disparate parts of the country simultaneously. Our current system revolves
around shortening the necessary time as much as possible, and sometimes more
than a play (or an artist) can really bear.
I want to
just take a moment to pause here and say that my point is not that no good work
is going on, or that it is impossible to make good work in the current
circumstances, or that actors who make their living from theatre are
necessarily better than actors who don’t.
There are really good artists out there who have figured out how to make
this system work, and many training programs are essentially helping people
adapt to this in ways that makes good work possible. My point is about creating an environment where it could be better for both the people involved and
the art they make.
Finally, I
will also mention that there is a human cost to all of this, and that human
cost again can bear out on the artwork itself. The system as it stands creates
an environment in which it is more possible (not inevitable, but more possible) for people to become Theater
Grotesques. For more successful artists on the migrant circuit, there’s the
constant grind to make that living, the traveling that makes forming
relationships with people difficult to impossible, the unsettled lifestyle etc.
Some people feed off of this and it makes them better artists, but many do not
and there should be other options available for them. For those of us who don’t make a living from our art,
there’s also the not-really-having-a-life problem, where between the struggle to make money and the struggle to make good art, our other life activities and relationships suffer. I am actually taking the Fall largely off from the rehearsal
room so that I can see people’s shows, go to museums, read more, be with other
human beings in non-rehearsal hall settings, grow my relationships with people,
help Obama get elected, start to codify elsewhere and what we’re about, study theatre
etc. All of this other stuff, this
non-rehearsal room stuff is important for being a more well-rounded human
being, but it’s also important to being a good artist. And again, I’m not saying this is the
only way to be a good human being or a good artist or make good art, but rather
simply that it should be more possible to pursue this, should one choose to.
When I talk
to people who are leaving or have left theatre as a career, they inevitably
mention the human cost above, as well as the cost to their relationships with
other people, as chief concerns. Making
it easier for artists to make a living from theatre will not cure these problems,
but it will help them.
(for more on this, read this Denver post article with a tip of the hat to Adam S.)
UPDATE: Devilvet writes a post saying "Almost nobody cares. When that changes, then the economic possibilities will change." I guess what I'm saying is that I don't see the goals of making art that is more relevant to people's lives and thus more important culturally and more artists making a living at theatre are mutually exclusive. In fact, I'd say they're deeply interrelated. For more on that, we link back to more Mike Daisey. Also here's a relevant Scott Walters post from today on similar subjects.
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